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Ultimately, the secularization of the *katechon* by Carl Schmitt and the subsequent, penetrating critiques by Massimo Cacciari and Giorgio Agamben demonstrate that modern political theory remains inextricably bound to theological paradigms.5 The modern state justifies its monopoly on violence, its emergency powers, and its demand for absolute sovereignty precisely by claiming to hold back the abyss of lawlessness.5 Whether viewed as a necessary, state-affirming bulwark against revolutionary dissolution (Schmitt) 5, or as an illegitimate biopolitical machine that traps humanity in a permanent state of exception while stripping the Church of its messianic vocation (Agamben) 7, the *katechon* remains the definitive concept for understanding how power organizes time, manages crisis, and endlessly defers the end of the world.
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